Counseling psychologists use various techniques, including interviewing and testing, to advise people on how to deal with problems of everyday living. They help improve human functioning across the life span by helping people solve problems, make decisions, and cope with stress. They work in settings such as university counseling centers, hospitals, and individual or group practices.

In practice, there is considerable overlap between the work of clinical and counseling psychologists at present, while there were more fundamental differences twenty or thirty years ago. Counseling psychologist are more likely to work with normal individuals with problems, rather than severely disturbed individuals. But even this difference has faded, as more counseling psychologists are employed in hospitals and community mental health settings. Counseling psychologists are less likely to work from a medical (disease based) model of psychological treatment, and are more likely to focus on problem solving and learning approaches to treatment.

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